For details, refer to the 'Summit Station Year-Round Measurements' document which lists the current year-round measurements at Summit Station, the frequency of the measurements, and the best point-of-contact for further information
| Project | Instrument | Point of Contact | Measurement(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICECAPS | Radiosondes (Vaisala RS41-SGP) |
|
daily sondes measuring vertical profiles to ~25km altitude at ~5m resolution of: winds, temperature, humidity |
| ICECAPS | Polar Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (PAERI) |
|
passive calibrated infrared interferometer in the 3.3-25 micron window at 0.5 cm-1 resolution measuring spectral IR sky brightness temperatures and radiances to derive: cloud ice/water content, cloud optical depth, cloud particle size, cloud radiative forcing, cloud temperature, cloud occurrence |
| ICECAPS | Millimeter Cloud Radar (MMCR) |
|
multimode 35 GHz Ka band, pulsed Doppler radar sensing signal from -50 to +20 dBZ measuring radar Doppler spectra and moments (reflectivity, mean Doppler velocity, spectrum width) of detected hydrometeors to derive: cloud vertical boundaries, cloud occurrence, atmospheric winds, cloud particle size, cloud ice/water content, atmospheric turbulence |
| ICECAPS | Microwave Radiometers (MWR); HATPRO and 150-90 |
|
two scanning passive radiometers measuring downwelling radiance at 22-31, 51-58, 90, and 150 GHz absorption lines to derive: atmospheric moisture, atmospheric temperature, cloud ice/water content |
| ICECAPS | Cloud Aerosol Polarization and Backscatter LIDAR (CAPABL) |
|
tiltable non-scanning multiple linear polarization sensitive lidar at 532 nm measuring backscatter, depolarization ratio of detected targets to derive: cloud vertical boundaries, cloud occurrence, cloud phase, cloud optical depth |
| ICECAPS | Ceilometer Vaisala CT25K |
|
non-scanning vertically pointing lidar at 1064 nm measuring backscatter of detected targets to derive: cloud vertical boundaries, cloud occurrence, cloud phase, cloud optical depth |
| ICECAPS | Micropulse Lidar (MPL) |
|
non-scanning polarization sensitive vertically pointing lidar at 532 nm measuring backscatter, depolarization ratio of detected targets to derive: cloud vertical boundaries, cloud occurrence, cloud phase, cloud optical depth |
| ICECAPS | Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS) |
|
x-band Doppler radar mounted on a 2-3m tall mast to measure reflectivity and mean Doppler velocity of detected hydrometeors to derive: precipitation occurrence, precipitation type, precipitation intensity |
| ICECAPS | Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) |
|
multi-camera automatic sensing high resolution snowflake imaging system mounted 1-2m above surface to automatically capture images of: snow type, snow structure |
| ICECAPS | IcePic ice particle images |
|
manually captured digital images of snowflake structure and type utilizing microscope stage, lenses, and slides to image precipitation in very high resolution |
| ICECAPS | SODAR |
|
bi-static audible acoustic sodar measuring sonic backscatter from density variations to infer depth and stability of the boundary layer |
| ICECAPS | Total Sky Imager |
|
hemispheric digital sky imager used to monitor cloud fraction from captured images. Operates in daylight conditions above -40C. |
| ICECAPS-ACE | Condensation particle counter (GRIMM 5.400 CPC) |
|
Number concentrations of condensation nuclei (> 5 nm diameter) measured at the surface observed at the MSF with a 1s sample rate. |
| ICECAPS-ACE | Optical Particle Counters (Alphasense N3) |
|
Surface aerosol size distribution from 0.35 to 40 μm diameter observed at several locations at Summit Station with a 1s sample rate. Useful for some aerosol measurements but also a good indicator of fog. |
| ICECAPS-ACE | Optical Particle Counter (SkyOPC) |
|
Surface aerosol size distribution from 0.25 to 6.5 μm diameter observed at the MSF with a 1s sample rate |
| ICECAPS-ACE tower instruments | Vaisala HMP155 Heated Temperature and relative humidity Probes at 2 m, 4, 10 m, and 15 m |
|
Temperature and humidity observations measured at with a 1s sample rate and averaged to 1 minute intervals |
| ICECAPS-ACE tower instruments | Ventus-X 2D sonic anemometers at 4 m and 10 m |
|
2D sonically sensed wind components measured at 10Hz |
| ICECAPS-ACE tower instruments | Metek uSonic-3 anemometers at 2 m and 15 m |
|
3D sonically sensed wind components measured at 10Hz |
| ICECAPS-ACE tower instruments | Licor-7500 at 2m |
|
Open-path CO2 and H2O vapor concentration measured at 10Hz |
| ICECAPS-ACE tower instruments | Snow surface temperature (Heitronics KT15) |
|
snow surface brightness temperature |
| ICECAPS-ACE tower instruments | Snow depth sensor (Campbell Scientific SR50AH) |
|
distance to the snow surface from the lowest level of ICECAPS-ACE instruments on the 15 m tower detected by a sonic-ranging sensor |
| ICECAPS solar tracker | Pyrheliometer |
|
direct solar radiation |
| ICECAPS solar tracker | Kipp and Zonen CG4 pyrgeometer (solar tracker) |
|
downwelling diffuse longwave radiation |
| ICECAPS solar tracker | Kipp and Zonen CM21 pyranometer (solar tracker) |
|
downwelling hemispheric shortwave radiation |
| ICECAPS fixed albedo stand | Kipp and Zonen CG4 pyrgeometer |
|
Upwelling hemispheric longwave and shortwave radiation |
| ICECAPS fixed albedo stand | Kipp and Zonen CM21 pyranometer |
|
Upwelling hemispheric longwave and shortwave radiation |
| NOAA meteorology | Lufft Ventus-UMB sonic anemometer, 10 m |
|
minute data records Wind Speed/Direction (10m) |
| NOAA meteorology | Logan RTD temperature, 2 m |
|
Temperature (2m) |
| NOAA meteorology | Vaisala HMP155 relative humidity, 2 m |
|
Relative Humidity (2m) |
| NOAA meteorology | Setra and Honeywell pressure transducers (2 instruments) |
|
Ambient pressure |
| NOAA in-situ flasks | Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gas (CCGC) flask samples |
|
Weekly in-situ flask samples: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrous oxide (NO), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), C13/C12 in CO2, O18/O16 in CO2, C13/C12 in CH4, Ethane (C2H6), Propane (C3H8), i-butane – (C4H10), n-butane – (C4H10), i-pentane – (C5H12), n-pentane – (C5H12), isoprene (C5H8), Molecular Hydrogen, n-hexane, Acetylene, Toluene (C7H8), Ethene (C2H4), Propene (C3H6) |
| NOAA in-situ flasks | Halocarbon and Atmospheric Trace Species (HATS) flask samples GCMS with a GC/ECD instrument |
|
weekly (Jul-Sept), biweekly (Oct-Jun) taken from inlet above AWO roof: CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, H-1211, H-2402, CH3CCl3, CCl4, CH2Cl2, C2Cl4, CH3Br, CH3Cl, HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-152a, HFC-365mfc, HFC-227ea, Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) Additional gases (data haven't necessarily been through QA/QC and aren't regularly posted. Data for these gases could be made available upon request from NOAA GMD HATS group): CFC-112, HCFC-133a, HCFC-21, CH2Br2, CHBr3, CHCl3, CH3I, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane CH2BrCl, CHBr2Cl, CHBrCl2, CH2ClI (chloro-iodo-methane), Benzene, C3H4, n-pentane, n-hexane, CF4, NF3, C2H6 ethane, PFC-116 CF3CF3, SF6, CFC-13, HFC-23 CHF3, C2H2 ethyne, OCS carbonyl sulfide, HFC-32 CH2F2, SO2F2 sulfuryl fluoride, H-1301 CF3Br, PFC-218 Perfluoropropane C3H8 propane, CFC-115, HFC-125, HFC-143a, HCFC-22, CFC-12, HFC-134a, HFO-1234yf, CH3Cl methyl chloride HFC-152a, HFO-1234ze, i-butane iso-butane, HFC-227ea, H-1211 Halon-1211, nC4H10 n-butane, CH3Br methyl bromide HCFC-142b, HFC-236fa, CFC-114 and CFC-114a (combined), HCFC-133a, CFC-11, CH3I methyl iodide CH2Cl2 dichloromethane iC5H12 i-pentane, nC5H12 n-pentane, HCFC-141b, CFC-113, H-2402 Halon 2402, HFC-365mfc HFC-365mfc (ion 65), CHCl3 chloroform, n-hexane, CCl4 carbon tetrachloride C2HCl3, CH2Br2 dibromomethane CH3CCl3 methyl chloroform (ion 97), C6H6 benzene, C2Cl4 tetrachloroethylene |
| NOAA aerosol / ozone | Nephelometer |
|
hourly resolution light scattering and back-scattering measurement at 3 wavelengths |
| NOAA aerosol / ozone | Continuous Light Absorption Photometer (CLAP) |
|
hourly resolution – light absorption measurement at 3 wavelengths |
| NOAA aerosol / ozone | Condensation Particle Counter |
|
minute average of aerosol number concentration by aerosol activation |
| NOAA aerosol / ozone | Surface ozone analyzer (Thermo Environmental Instruments) |
|
minute average of surface atmospheric ozone concentrations |
| NASA ICESat-2 | Bamboo stake accumulation array (weekly) |
|
weekly manual measurements of snow accumulation in a 121 stake bamboo stake array located ~700m east of station |
| NASA ICESat-2 | GNSS accumulation traverse (monthly) |
|
monthly traverse to take GPS ground-truth measurements for space borne and airborne laser and radar altimetry systems used to interpret ice-sheet topography and associated temporal changes. Accumulation at ~120 stakes is also taken during the transect |
| UNAVCO | GNSS base station “SMM3” (Septentrio POLARX5) GPS base station Trimble NetR8 (Green House) |
|
daily position time series centimeter level differential corrections for post-processed static and kinematic surveys, as well as real-time (RTK) surveys |
| NASA SnowFox | Upwards-looking in situ cosmic ray instrument (snow water equivalent) |
|
in situ cosmic ray sensing instrument measuring neutron impacts over time to derive snow water equivalency (SWE) of accumulated precipitation |
| GC-Net meteorology at GEUS | GC-Net AWS |
|
RM Young propeller-type vane wind speed and direction, temperature profile, humidity profile, barometric pressure, snow temperature profile, sonic snow depth, short and all wave solar radiation |
| GFZ Potsdam | Broadband Seismometers (2) |
|
two broadband seismometers monitoring activity as part of a global network of instruments. Seismic signal can be used to derive ice calving events amongst other seismic activities |
| DTU | Magnetometer |
|
Part of a network of magnetometers around Greenland providing full vector geomagnetic field information at 1 Hz resolution |
